Chain reaction, in chemistry and physics, process yielding products that initiate further processes of the same kind, a self-sustaining sequence. Examples from chemistry are burning a fuel gas, the development of rancidity in fats, knock in internal-combustion engines, and the polymerization of ethylene to polyethylene. The best-known examples in physics are nuclear fissions brought about by neutrons. Chain reactions are in general very rapid but are also highly sensitive to reaction conditions, probably because the substances that sustain the reaction are easily affected by substances other than the reactants themselves. So-called branching chain reactions are a form of chain reaction in which the number of chain carriers increases in each propagation. Nuclear chain reactions are series of nuclear fissions, each initiated by a neutron produced in a preceding fission.
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