Biological materials are natural biocompatible materials that comprise a whole or a part of a living structure or biomedical device that performs, augments, or replaces a natural function. Biological materials are most often engineered for medical, biotechnology and pharmaceutical applications. The most important specification for a biological material is that it is biocompatible. Biocompatibility generally means that the material does not cause a response in the host. A more complex definition expands upon this to study the functional and nonfunctional effects of the material on the host as well as the response of the material while in the biological environment. There are many factors associated with biocompatibility and determining the potentially adverse or toxic effects of a material. Biological materials are present inside living organisms. They do not contain any metal, ceramic, or synthetic polymer material and have the ability to repair themselves, while synthetic materials do not. In contrast to biological materials, a biomaterial is any combination of synthetic and natural substances that can be used in the treatment or replacement of any tissue organ or function of the body.
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