Moderator Materials

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The moderator of a nuclear reactor is a substance that slows neutrons down. In traditional nuclear reactors, the moderator is the same thing as the coolant. Some materials are better at slowing down neutrons than others. Conservation of energy and momentum laws explain that a neutron cannot slow down much after a collision with a heavy nucleus, like a fuel atom. However, in a collision with Hydrogen, a neutron can in fact slow down very far. Imagine a ping-pong ball bouncing off a bowling ball, as opposed to the same Ping-Pong ball colliding with another ping-pong ball.  There are several different types of moderating materials, and each have places where they are used more effectively. Typically-used moderator materials include heavy water, light water, and graphite.

For more: http://www.globalepisteme.org/Conference/material-science-conference

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